I'm not familar with Lancaster so I can't compare. Salatin's comments about flooding were very permaculture-like (in my limited understanding anyway). In its simplest form, the longer and slower the water moves, the more readily it is absorbed into the ground and usable by plantlife.
Using the Mississippi River, for example, apparently this river has been purposely "straightened" to better allow barge traffic up and down. Doing so has reduced the surrounding area's ability to buffer the flow. Think of a large sponge, say 3"x5"x1" thick. If you lie it flat and pour water on the 3"x5" face, it will quickly become saturated to the point that the water just passes through the 1" cross-section. Now, turn the sponge vertical so that the 5" lenght runs up and down and pour the water into the sponge on the 1" edge. It will allow much more water to be buffered or taken into the sponge before it reaches saturation and passes the water through. That analogy is part of the problem with with Mississippi River flooding.
That was one point of his. He also talks quite a bit about better
land management in the form of soil conservation and soil building/replenishment to once again increase the buffering ability of land to reduce the amount of run-off currently occurring.
Increasing number of Farm ponds to improve buffering ability and improve hydrology cycling. Apparently the USDA views ponds as liabilities instead of assets (can't comment on this).
He thinks the new laws about resticting a person's right to capture rainwater is also bass-ackwards as this is once again shortening the path of water flow rather than lengthening it. Goes back to hydrology cycling again.
There was quite a bit more, but hopefully that gives you a little idea about that chapter.