Hi I live in Spain and this is the first time i have written here, the article on hugelkultur an dcommetnt made me think of various things. Here they are.
I have been reading the work of Paul
Stamets on mushrooms it is not a subject i have been studying for a long, so bare with me if i don't have a complete grasp of it but it may give the answer to the wood rotting in this system and how much nitrogen the rotting process might need.
He says that fungi break down wood, lignin and cellulose, and bacteria deal with the small plants with cellulose, with things like your lettuce that suddenly turns into a wet and dark coloured mass in your kitchen.
If it is fungi that break down the wood in hugelkulture, then the process won’t include using lots of nitrogen. It is the bacterial break down of organic material that uses so much nitrogen. This may mean the problem of your logs absorbing nitrogen does not exist as it does with mulches, with logs buried and damp it is possible that they will be rotted by funguses that don’t not need nitrogen.
Fungi or their mycelium can work at the same time as bacteria or before the bacteria get to work so there will also be bacterial breakdown and some nitrogen will be absorbed.
It is saprophytic fungi that feed on dead matter, though parasitic fungi can first parasite a live plant and then continue feeding on it when it is dead. End up behaving as saprophytic fungi do, living off dead organic matter.
What worries me about using wood, is not that, the nitrogen used to rot the wood will leave little nitrogen for plants. It is having heard, years ago that the fungi that parasites on dead wood might spread to live wood. If different fungi parasite dead wood than live wood this does not matter, if you have a parasitic fungus on your wood in your hugelkulture maybe it does.
Fungi or their mycelium are, as we are, full of water so they would hold a lot of water. They also, in some cases, carry water from one place to another to keep the organic matter they are feeding on humid. They also hold oxygen, they usually make the ground a healthier place, more spongy wet and oxygenated.
Paul Stamets recipes for growing mushrooms outdoors sound a bit like German hugelkulture, you put down the sort of stuff they devour, wood for example and add some fungal mats, which is to say some material inoculated with the funguses you have grown for the purpose and on top more organic material, corn husks, for example, or more wood and then cover the lot with cardboard. Cardboard will nourish fungi and stops other fungus or microbes from alighting on the whole and allows the fungal mats that you have inserted to get a head start over other organisms looking for food that might come from the air the earth in hugelkkultur must fulfill the role of carboars. If the whole is open to the sky the bacteria and fungal spores in the air would compete with the fungi you have implanted and reduce its chances of getting a hold.
As to providing nitrogen when needed.
I read a gardening book but I can’t remember which, that talks about using urine, if you have it, to provide the nitrogen, bacteria digesting organic material need. It says that a straw bale will turn to sweet earth in three months if you pee on it. Another book says that you can keep a family in cabbages with the same resource if there are two men or two unprudish females in the family.
On the subject of storing carbon not nitrogen.
As wood stores carbon till it rots and releases it when it rots, the worries of one of the contributors about how long it took tree roots to rot, do not seem very ecological. Roots should be carefully stored so they don’t release their carbon till we are through the, global warming woods.
Though rotting wood releases carbon, having fertile ground may be a more important bonus, than releasing the carbon locked in the wood is an ill. Fertile ground means more plants to absorb carbon and release the oxygen of a C02 molecule.
Here in Spain there is a lot of barren ground due to a fear of fires that drives overgrazing, fear that does for the vegetable cover that is the source of organic matter and so for the fertility of soils. No organic matter, no nitrogen. Less organic mater less to absorb and retain water and, no plants, nothing to hold soils so they are liable be carried off by the wind and downhill by the rain.
Countries with dry seasons need more organic matter in their soils and fear of fires, as the fire risk is greater in them, as there is a lot of dry material about in summer, means that in hot countries they reduce plants and so organic matter. I have known the demand to reduce plants here and seen its effects and it has made me think fear of fires is a principal reason for desertification.
Rotting organic matter rereleases most of the carbon locked up in the organic matter. Look up sugar fat or starch molecules, they are all long mixtures of mostly carbon and hydrogen. Break up organic matter and you release a lot of carbon.
N one of the aspect of plants sucuestring carbon is that-
The residues of organic matter when it has fully broken down, humus, retains carbon for generations. Humus can remain stable for hundreds and even thousands of years, so it stores carbon but not all the organic matter in your soil turns into humus turns into humus.
I don’t know what sort of break down process creates most humus and releases less carbon back into the atmosphere.
Wood used to build with will hold its carbon while its in th ehouse unles it gets attacked by molds. For a long time.
Humus properly named, is a black fine dust that is both very adaptable and very permanent, stable and chemically functional, good for the soil and acts like a gelatin so absorbing and storing lots of water and the nutrients in the water. It also bonds with oxygen.
Humic acid can be brought. Look it up in google. I have seen empty tins of it beside banana plantations in the Canary Islands but i have not found sellers in Madrid in Spain where i live.
the problem with ritting for a first time on something is that i have tomuch to say that i haven't siad before and ias i haven' read all the permies articles no idea if you have already written about it. Rose Macaskie.