I personally feel when we take an animal into our lives we form a pact. I will do right by the animal, it will do right by me. If the animal needs medical attention, that is my responsibility, but, just because a medication or procedure can be provided (ie: money is no object) does NOT mean that is necessarily the "right" thing to do.
WHEN TO TREAT: Each situation is different, but for me, I have to separate myself and honestly ask if I am doing this for the animal or for myself, is the treatment worth the pain, fear, or stress; is it worth the long term costs both physical and financial; will it solve the problem or will it simply mask it and buy a bit of time? Is surgery or medication really worthwhile in treating this condition and is it right, mentally, physically, spiritually and financially? Unfortunately there is no one size fits all answer here, each animal, each condition and each treatment is unique and individual to the situation.
We recently dealt with losing our 16 yr old Pin who spent the last few years with gradually worsening arthritis and congestive heart failure. Fortunately money was not an issue, and her five meds, some given twice daily kept her active, healthy, happy and loving life, for years, in spite of failing sight and little to no hearing. We knew we were only buying time, but we also bought her over two years of comfortable, high quality life. Eventually the adjusting, adding to or changing her meds just wasn't cutting it, her reason for being (food) became a non-event, and she would wander outside and not come back in.
WHEN TO EUTHANIZE: This is generally referred to as "quality of life", but for many this is to vague. For me this final question is reached by answering one simple question. Does the animal have joy? By this I mean does the animal spend the majority of its day engaged, doing what it loves, eating with gusto and loving life. Once that balance starts to tip, it becomes a month by month, then week by week, then day by day, true and honest assessment of the amount of joy your companion has every day, this is your measure of "quality of life". Once that balance tips to the dark side, and joy is only evident in the odd glimpse or moment here and there, then the right thing to do is to release the animal from its suffering, and allow it the peace of death.
HOW TO EUTHANIZE: For our 16 yr old Pin girl it was home euthanasia and the private cremation (please remember that the chemical used to euthanize animals is toxic after death, animal must be cremated or buried very, very deep) to the tune of over $450 last November. We have, over the years, had other animals that have been put down (chemically euthanized) by their personal friend and Vet, but they were taken in for treatment of what quickly became a non-treatable situation, and ending their suffering was the best option. All of those we have euthed at the Vet were mass cremated (more environmentally friendly, as multiple animals are cremated at the same time, but you do not get your companions ashes back), and usually costs $150-$250 for a small companion animal (not horse....) here in British Columbia. Different places will have different options of assistance through their SPCA or Humane Societies, but for the most part it will mean abandoning your animal in their care, and in many cases you will still be looking at a surrender fee.
Conversely, several years ago, I had a Staffie boxer cross foster who lived here for seven years. She became weak in the hind end, within 24 hours she could only move her head and twirl her tail and became incontinent. Financially, at that time, home euthanasia was out of the question. Loading her in the vehicle to be driven to the vets, carried into a strange, cold, clinical place where no one knew her was also not an option (both her vets were away). I dug her grave, then I carried her outside, laid her in the warm sun on her favorite blanket, and waited with her for my friend to arrive with the .22. It was extremely quick, without any stress, discomfort or knowledge on her part. She was soaking up the rays one second and gone the next, she literally never knew what hit her.
I can personally say, even with hindsight, that I find none of my choices for death was better, easier or kinder. Each death met the criteria of doing the best I could to release my companions when their life was no longer able to be enjoyed. All were at home, or in familiar surroundings, being held by their loving humans, and knowing they were loved and cared for to the very last second, and beyond. Their bodies were also dealt with differently, but each was dealt with respect, properly and safely. I can honestly say I am at complete peace with both chemical and firearm euthanasia, and have no regrets with either method.
DO NOT EVEN CONSIDER ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CRUEL AND INHUMANE METHODS: freezing, suffocating, drowning,
carbon monoxide/dioxide poisoning (car exhaust), drug/alcohol overdose etc. You morally owe your animal friend better than that, and in most places it would be considered criminal, literally, and leave you open to charges of animal cruelty. Death, be it human or animal should be calm, peaceful and instant, and without any mental or physical pain or suffering.
In a perfect world, your animal is elderly, but healthy one moment and literally drops dead the next, or passes in their sleep. The next best option may be having the vet come to your home and your loving companion is first tranquilized and while drifting in the haze of drugs is gently euthanized. Or it may be lying in the sun in their favorite spot, with their favorite person while in a split second a bullet enters the brain and ends it all instantly. We are all different, as are our animals, and whether we like it or not, finances are a reality, and must be taken into account. However you do it, just remember, this animal has likely given you countless hours of love, affection and comfort, do not be selfish, do not prolong their life because you cannot imagine yours without them. I believe if you treated your last animal with love and caring that it is a sign of respect and honor to fill that "vacancy" and provide, as soon as possible, for one who is in desperate need of a home. Your old pal would be horrified if such a good home was going to waste.
Now, everyone else, go give your furkids a hug, kiss, snuggle or whatever you do and let them know how important they are to us and how much we appreciate all they do for us.