Any and all pine, fir and spruce cones have edible seeds. Many of them are just a big old pain to harvest enough to be worthwhile though. Lodgepoles are pretty small
seed wise but they are one of the easiest to remove. They don't open without fire, so all you need to do is gather as many cones as you can and set them very near a fire. If you have a
wood stove, place a big pot on top with a bunch of them in the pot. Much less labor intensive than most others. The fact that they don't open without fire also means you can gather them from the ground as well as the trees which makes processing enough more worthwhile. Ponderosa are good eating, but a major pain to get at. Whitebark pine is the best you will find outside the Pinyon, but there have been massive diebacks of them in the last few years due to an invasive fungus. They are subalpine though, and mostly grow above 6000 plus feet, growing best above 10,000. Very slow growing species which is why the fungus has hit them so hard. I think their flavor is every bit on par with Pinyon pine nuts.
Spruces and firs in Montana are a little easier to get the seeds but tend to be small so you need many more cones.
Overall the main problem you will encounter with seeds from any of these is long term storage. They don't store for more than a week outside the cone, though roasting can somewhat extend this. Freezing can extend this a bit, but not through a whole winter if you are looking to have a good winter nut. They are best just enjoyed as a seasonal food in my opinion. Unless you have the more traditional "pine nut" species on your property which do preserve better.
One excellent use of pine, spruce, and fir is the early spring buds. Gather them for teas in very early spring (before the snows have melted much) for a
boost of vitamin C and other much needed vitamins, as they are the first green things in the north. A good way to preserve them for a year or so is to place them in vinegar or alchohol. Those who are big fans of gin will find the teas, vinegars and alcohols to be right up their alley.